MECHANISMS OF SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION OFMODERN ENGLISH NEOLOGISMS INTO THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

Abstract

The rapid development of globalization, digital communication, science, technology, business, and popular culture has significantly increased the influence of English on other languages, including Uzbek. One of the most visible consequences of this interaction is the emergence and widespread use of English neologisms in modern Uzbek. However, borrowed lexical units do not simply enter the recipient language unchanged. They undergo various processes of semantic, phonetic, orthographic, morphological, and syntactic adaptation according to the structural and communicative requirements of Uzbek. This article examines the principal mechanisms through which modern English neologisms are adapted into the Uzbek language. The study focuses particularly on semantic expansion and narrowing, direct borrowing, morphological integration, orthographic adaptation, hybrid word formation, and the use of Uzbek grammatical affixes with English lexical bases. The research employs descriptive, comparative, contextual, and structural methods. Examples from contemporary digital communication, business, technology, and everyday speech demonstrate that Englishderived vocabulary is increasingly integrated into Uzbek linguistic practice. The findings indicate that adaptation is a dynamic process determined not only by linguistic structure but also by frequency of use, communicative convenience, technological development, and sociolinguistic factors. The study contributes to a better understanding of contemporary lexical change in Uzbek and the interaction between English and Uzbek in the context of globalization.