Dolomit mineralidan magniy xlorid olish va magniy xloridning fizik kimyoviy asoslari

Abstract

Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) is crucial for numerous modern industrial sectors, including medicine, agriculture, and metallurgy, making its efficient production a pressing task. Uzbekistan's rich dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂) reserves offer a significant local raw material base for this purpose, but the complex composition of dolomite and the co-existence of magnesium with calcium present technological and physicochemical challenges requiring selective separation in the MgCl₂ extraction process. The aim of this study is to systematically analyze recent scientific advancements and current issues related to technologies and physicochemical bases for obtaining magnesium chloride from dolomite mineral. The article is based on a systematic review methodology of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2024 (from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Uzbek scientific journals). The analysis highlights the effectiveness of hydrometallurgical methods and the importance of a deep understanding of mineral dissolution mechanisms. Research conducted in Uzbekistan, particularly by Umirov and Pirnazarov (2023), demonstrates the development of a technology for obtaining magnesium chloride where up to 90.36% of magnesium oxide transfers to solution using 20% HCl at 40-95 °C for 2 hours. Other local studies focus on optimizing processes for obtaining magnesium oxide and hydroxide, as well as complex processing of dolomite. This analysis reveals opportunities for efficient utilization of local raw materials and the application of magnesium chloride in cotton defoliant synthesis, which holds significant practical importance for industry and agriculture.